Road signs and what they mean
Permito teaches 127 U.S. road signs from the federal Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), in 6 groups. Each sign is shown below with its name and what it tells a driver. Open a group to see how its signs look alike and what to do when you meet them.
The sign groups
Regulatory signs
Regulatory signs state a rule for that stretch of road, such as stop, yield, speed limit, turns and passing. Regulatory signs: 39 signs.
Warning signs
Warning signs tell you about a hazard or a change in the road ahead, such as a curve, a merge, a crossing or a slippery road. Warning signs: 52 signs.
School signs
School signs mark a school zone, a school crossing or a school bus stop where children may be walking or crossing. School signs: 4 signs.
Work zone signs
Work zone signs tell you that road work is ahead and how traffic is being moved around it. Work zone signs: 16 signs.
Railroad signs
Railroad signs mark a place where the road crosses train tracks and tell you how to behave there. Railroad signs: 7 signs.
Guide and service signs
Guide and service signs help you find your way and the services nearby, such as a rest area, fuel, food or a hospital. Guide and service signs: 9 signs.
Every sign
Regulatory signs
Stop
Drivers must come to a complete stop and wait until it is safe and their turn to go.
MUTCD code R1-1
Yield
Drivers must slow down, give way to traffic and pedestrians that have the right of way, and stop if needed.
MUTCD code R1-2
All Way plaque
This plaque under a stop sign tells drivers that traffic from every direction must stop.
MUTCD code R1-3P
Speed Limit
This sign shows the maximum speed allowed on that road in good conditions.
MUTCD code R2-1
No Right Turn
Drivers may not turn right at this place.
MUTCD code R3-1
No Left Turn
Drivers may not turn left at this place.
MUTCD code R3-2
No U-Turn
Drivers may not turn around to go back the way they came.
MUTCD code R3-4
No U-Turn or Left Turn
Drivers may not make a U-turn and may not turn left at this place.
MUTCD code R3-18
No Turns
Drivers may not turn left or right at this place.
MUTCD code R3-3
Bike Lane
A lane marked for bicycle riders. Other drivers should not use it for driving.
MUTCD code R3-17
Do Not Pass
Drivers may not pass other vehicles in this zone.
MUTCD code R4-1
Pass With Care
The no-passing zone has ended. Drivers may pass if it is safe.
MUTCD code R4-2
Slower Traffic Keep Right
Slower vehicles should stay in the right lane so faster traffic can pass on the left.
MUTCD code R4-3
Keep Right Except to Pass
On a road with two lanes in one direction, drive in the right lane except when passing another vehicle.
MUTCD code R4-16
Keep Right
There is an obstacle or island ahead. Drivers must pass it on the right side.
MUTCD code R4-7
Keep Left
There is an obstacle or island ahead. Drivers must pass it on the left side.
MUTCD code R4-8
Stay in Lane
Drivers must stay in their lane and not switch lanes in this area.
MUTCD code R4-9
Do Not Enter
Drivers may not enter this road or ramp from this direction.
MUTCD code R5-1
Wrong Way
Drivers are heading the wrong way on a one-way road or ramp.
MUTCD code R5-1a
No Trucks
Trucks may not use this road.
MUTCD code R5-2
No Motor Vehicles
Cars, trucks and other motor vehicles may not use this road or path.
MUTCD code R5-3
No Bicycles
Bicycle riders may not use this road or path.
MUTCD code R5-6
No Pedestrian Crossing
Pedestrians may not cross the road at this place.
MUTCD code R9-3
No Hitchhiking
People may not stand in the road to ask drivers for a ride.
MUTCD code R9-4
One Way
Traffic on this road may move only in the direction of the arrow.
MUTCD code R6-1
Reserved Parking
This space is reserved for vehicles with a disability permit or plate.
MUTCD code R7-8
No Parking
Drivers may not park in this area. The sign may show times or limits.
MUTCD code R8-3
No Stopping on Pavement
Drivers may not stop on the pavement. Use the shoulder if you must stop.
MUTCD code R8-5
Stop Here on Red
When the signal is red, drivers must stop at the stop line and not go past it.
MUTCD code R10-6
No Turn on Red
Drivers may not turn on a red light at this place, even if turns on red are normally allowed.
MUTCD code R10-11
Left Turn Yield on Green
A driver turning left on a green light must give way to oncoming traffic.
MUTCD code R10-12
Turning Traffic Must Yield to Pedestrians
Drivers who turn must give way to people walking in the crosswalk.
MUTCD code R10-15
Road Closed
The road is closed to all traffic.
MUTCD code R11-2
Road Closed to Through Traffic
The road is closed to through traffic. Only people going to places along it may enter.
MUTCD code R11-4
Sidewalk Closed
People on foot may not use this sidewalk.
MUTCD code R9-9
Weight Limit
Vehicles heavier than the posted weight may not use this road or bridge.
MUTCD code R12-1
Truck Weigh Station
Trucks and commercial vehicles must pull into the weigh station ahead.
MUTCD code R13-1
Two-Way Left Turn Only
The center lane is shared by traffic from both directions and is used only for left turns.
MUTCD code R3-9a
Yield to Bikes at Turn Lane
Where a right-turn lane starts, drivers must yield to bicycle riders going straight.
MUTCD code R4-4
Warning signs
Right Turn
The road ahead makes a sharp turn to the right.
MUTCD code W1-1R
Left Turn
The road ahead makes a sharp turn to the left.
MUTCD code W1-1L
Right Curve
The road ahead curves to the right.
MUTCD code W1-2R
Left Curve
The road ahead curves to the left.
MUTCD code W1-2L
Reverse Turn
Two turns in opposite directions are ahead. The first is to the right.
MUTCD code W1-3R
Reverse Curve
Two curves in opposite directions are ahead. The first is to the right.
MUTCD code W1-4R
Winding Road
The road ahead has three or more curves in a row.
MUTCD code W1-5R
One-Direction Large Arrow
A wide black arrow shows drivers which way the road turns at a sharp curve.
MUTCD code W1-6
Two-Direction Large Arrow
A black arrow with two heads shows drivers they can only go left or right at a T-shaped end.
MUTCD code W1-7
Chevron Alignment
Chevrons placed along a curve show the path of the road. They help drivers see the curve at night.
MUTCD code W1-8
Crossroad
A road crosses this road ahead, so there is an intersection with four ways.
MUTCD code W2-1
Side Road
A smaller road joins this road from the right ahead.
MUTCD code W2-2R
Side Road (Left)
A smaller road joins this road from the left ahead.
MUTCD code W2-2L
T Intersection
The road you are on ends at another road. You must turn left or right.
MUTCD code W2-4
Y Intersection
The road ahead forks into two roads that angle away from each other.
MUTCD code W2-5
Circular Intersection
A circular intersection (roundabout) is ahead. Traffic moves around a center island.
MUTCD code W2-6
Stop Ahead
A stop sign is coming up that you may not see in time.
MUTCD code W3-1
Yield Ahead
A yield sign is coming up.
MUTCD code W3-2
Signal Ahead
A traffic signal is coming up that you may not see in time.
MUTCD code W3-3
Reduced Speed Limit Ahead
The posted speed limit will be lower ahead.
MUTCD code W3-5
Merge
A lane from the right joins your road ahead.
MUTCD code W4-1R
Lane Ends
The right lane will end, and traffic in it must move left.
MUTCD code W4-2R
Added Lane
A lane is added on the right, and traffic from a side road may use it.
MUTCD code W4-3R
Road Narrows
The pavement becomes narrower ahead.
MUTCD code W5-1
Narrow Bridge
The bridge ahead is not as wide as the road.
MUTCD code W5-2
One Lane Bridge
Traffic from both directions must take turns to cross the bridge.
MUTCD code W5-3
Divided Highway
Ahead, the road splits into two roadways separated by a median.
MUTCD code W6-1
Divided Highway Ends
The divided road ends, and traffic will use one two-way road.
MUTCD code W6-2
Two-Way Traffic
A one-way road or divided road ahead becomes a road with traffic in both directions.
MUTCD code W6-3
Hill
A steep downgrade is ahead, so trucks and other vehicles may need low gears.
MUTCD code W7-1
Bump
A bump or raised spot is in the road ahead.
MUTCD code W8-1
Dip
The road dips down ahead, and water may collect there.
MUTCD code W8-2
Pavement Ends
The paved surface ends ahead and the road becomes gravel or dirt.
MUTCD code W8-3
Soft Shoulder
The shoulder is soft and may not hold a vehicle.
MUTCD code W8-4
Slippery When Wet
The road becomes slippery when it is wet.
MUTCD code W8-5
Loose Gravel
The road surface has loose gravel that can make tires slip or throw stones.
MUTCD code W8-7
Low Shoulder
The shoulder is lower than the road surface.
MUTCD code W8-9
Uneven Lanes
The surface of one lane is higher than the next lane.
MUTCD code W8-11
Bicycle Crossing
Bicycle riders may be in or crossing the road ahead.
MUTCD code W11-1
Pedestrian Crossing
Pedestrians may cross the road ahead.
MUTCD code W11-2
Deer Crossing
Deer often cross the road in this area.
MUTCD code W11-3
Cattle Crossing
Farm animals such as cattle may cross or be on the road.
MUTCD code W11-4
Farm Machinery
Slow farm equipment may be on or crossing the road.
MUTCD code W11-5
Fire Station
A fire station is ahead, so emergency vehicles may enter the road.
MUTCD code W11-8
Truck Crossing
Trucks often enter or cross the road ahead.
MUTCD code W11-10
Double Arrow
The road is split by an obstacle. Traffic may pass on either side.
MUTCD code W12-1
Advisory Speed
This plaque under a warning sign gives the speed that is comfortable for the hazard ahead. It is advice, not the speed limit.
MUTCD code W13-1P
Dead End
The road has no through route at its end.
MUTCD code W14-1
No Outlet
The side road does not connect to any other road.
MUTCD code W14-2
No Passing Zone
This pennant on the left side of the road marks the start of a zone where passing is not allowed.
MUTCD code W14-3
Speed Hump
A speed hump is ahead to slow traffic.
MUTCD code W17-1
No Traffic Signs
The road ahead has no traffic signs or signals, so drivers must use extra care.
MUTCD code W18-1
School signs
School
The sign marks a school zone or school crossing. Children may be walking or crossing.
MUTCD code S1-1
Downward Diagonal Arrow
This plaque under a school sign points down to the exact crosswalk.
MUTCD code W16-7P
Ahead Plaque
This plaque under a warning sign tells drivers the hazard is just ahead.
MUTCD code W16-9P
School Bus Stop Ahead
A school bus may stop ahead to pick up or let off children.
MUTCD code S3-1
Work zone signs
Road Work Ahead
A work zone is ahead, with workers and equipment near the road.
MUTCD code W20-1
Detour Ahead
The usual road is closed ahead and traffic is sent along another route.
MUTCD code W20-2
Road Closed Ahead
The road is closed ahead, so drivers need to plan another route.
MUTCD code W20-3
One Lane Road Ahead
Only one lane is open ahead, and traffic from both directions takes turns.
MUTCD code W20-4
Right Lane Closed Ahead
The right lane is closed ahead, so those drivers must move left.
MUTCD code W20-5R
Flagger Ahead
A person with a flag or paddle is directing traffic ahead.
MUTCD code W20-7
Workers
Road workers are close to the traffic lanes.
MUTCD code W21-1
Fresh Oil
The road has been treated with fresh oil or tar and may be slippery or messy.
MUTCD code W21-2
Road Machinery Ahead
Heavy road machines are working ahead.
MUTCD code W21-3
Right Shoulder Closed
Work is taking place on the right shoulder, so it is not available.
MUTCD code W21-5R
Utility Work Ahead
Crews who fix power or water lines are working ahead.
MUTCD code W21-7
Blasting Zone Ahead
Explosives are used ahead. Radio transmitters can set them off.
MUTCD code W22-1
Slow Traffic Ahead
Traffic ahead is slow or stopped because of work.
MUTCD code W23-1
End Road Work
This sign marks the end of the work zone.
MUTCD code G20-2
Pilot Car Follow Me
A pilot car leads traffic through a single lane in the work zone.
MUTCD code G20-4
Road Closed, Local Traffic Only
The road ahead is closed, except for people who live or work along it.
MUTCD code R11-3a
Railroad signs
Railroad Crossing (Crossbuck)
The road crosses railroad tracks. Drivers must give way to trains.
MUTCD code R15-1
Number of Tracks
This plaque under a crossbuck gives the number of railroad tracks at the crossing.
MUTCD code R15-2P
Exempt
This plaque tells certain vehicles, such as school buses, that they are not required to stop at the crossing.
MUTCD code R15-3P
Do Not Stop on Tracks
Drivers must not stop with any part of the vehicle on the railroad tracks.
MUTCD code R8-8
Tracks Out of Service
The tracks at this crossing are not in use at this time.
MUTCD code R8-9
Stop Here When Flashing
When the crossing lights are flashing, drivers must stop at this sign.
MUTCD code R8-10
Railroad Crossing Ahead
A railroad crossing is coming up. Be ready to slow down or stop for a train.
MUTCD code W10-1
Guide and service signs
Telephone
The service sign shows that a telephone is available nearby.
MUTCD code D9-1
Hospital
The service sign shows that a hospital with emergency care is nearby.
MUTCD code D9-2
Camping
The service sign shows that a campground is available nearby.
MUTCD code D9-3
Gas
The service sign shows that a gas station is nearby.
MUTCD code D9-7
Food
The service sign shows that a restaurant is nearby.
MUTCD code D9-8
Lodging
The service sign shows that a hotel or motel is nearby.
MUTCD code D9-9
Tourist Information
The service sign shows that tourist information is available.
MUTCD code D9-10
Rest Area
A rest area with places to stop and rest is ahead.
MUTCD code D5-1
Street Name
A green sign with white letters tells the name of a street.
MUTCD code D3-1
Where the pictures come from
The sign pictures are U.S. federal artwork in the public domain, taken from Wikimedia Commons. The names and meanings are Permito’s own plain-language wording of each MUTCD sign.
Common questions
How many road signs does Permito cover?
Permito covers 127 road signs from the federal MUTCD, in 6 groups: regulatory signs (39), warning signs (52), school signs (4), work zone signs (16), railroad signs (7) and guide and service signs (9).
Which road signs should I learn first?
Start with the two largest groups: Warning signs (52 signs) and Regulatory signs (39 signs).
Where do the sign pictures come from?
They are U.S. federal artwork in the public domain, taken from Wikimedia Commons. The names and meanings are Permito’s own wording.
Can I practice road signs in the app?
Yes. Every state’s question set in the app has road sign questions, and the free plan includes every road sign. This website only explains the signs.
Is this the state road sign test?
No. This is a study reference. Permito is not affiliated with any DMV or government agency, and a state test may word a sign question differently.
Practice the rest in the app
Permito has a much larger question set for every state listed here, mock exams, a readiness score and an explanation for every answer. It is free to start and needs no account.
The app is not in the App Store or Google Play yet. These buttons will link to it when it is.